Abasubiramo: Ibimenyetso bishya byo kuvugurura imiyoboro y'itumanaho

Abasubiramo nibikorwa remezo byingenzi mumiyoboro yitumanaho igezweho. Igikorwa cyibanze ni ugukemura ibimenyetso bitesha agaciro biterwa no kwiyegereza intera cyangwa kwivanga mugihe cyo kohereza. Nkibice byingenzi bigize urwego rwumubiri, abasubiramo bakoresha tekinoroji ya elegitoroniki yo gutunganya ibimenyetso kugirango bagure byimazeyo itumanaho.

Muburyo bwa tekiniki, abasubiramo bakora muburyo bwuzuye - duplex uburyo, kwagura, gushiraho, no gusubiramo ibimenyetso byumwimerere byateganijwe kurangira. Iyo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi cyangwa optique bigenda urugendo rurerure, amplitude yabo igenda yangirika buhoro buhoro kandi imivumba yabo igoreka. Uku kugoreka gushobora kongera igipimo cyibibazo bitarangiye. Abasubiramo bagarura imbaraga zerekana ibimenyetso bakoresheje - sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza neza kandi bagakoresha ikorana buhanga rya tekinoroji kugirango bakureho urusaku, amaherezo bakohereza ibimenyetso bitunganijwe, bisukuye muburyo bukurikira bwohereza. Muri fibre - itumanaho rya optique, isubiramo optoelectronic irashobora kandi gukora optique - kugeza - amashanyarazi - kugeza - ihinduka rya optique, bikagura neza intera yohereza fibre kugera kuri kilometero amagana.

Abasubiramo bafite intera nini ya porogaramu. Mu miyoboro gakondo ya insinga, ihindagurika - couple Ethernet ikoresha hubs (cyane cyane isubiramo) kugirango ihuze imitwe myinshi; sitasiyo y'itumanaho idafite insinga ishingiye kuri sitasiyo ya relay kugirango yongere ubwishingizi; nubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwo mu kirere bushingiye ku ruhererekane rwa satelite yo kubaka ikiraro cyitumanaho hagati yisi n ukwezi. Muri enterineti igezweho yinganda yibintu, kwivanga - birwanya gusubiramo byemeza kohereza amakuru ahamye mubidukikije.

Hamwe nubwihindurize bwikoranabuhanga, abisubiramo ubwenge bafite ibintu byateye imbere nko kugenzura imihindagurikire y'ikirere no gusuzuma amakosa. Nubwo iterambere rihoraho ryibikoresho byo murwego rwo hejuru - murwego rwa OSI, ababisubiramo, hamwe n'ubworoherane bwabo kandi bwizewe, bagumana umwanya udasimburwa mukubaka imiyoboro y'itumanaho shingiro, bigahinduka urufatiro mukubaka isi ya digitale ihuza isi yose.